Forums.Likebd.Com - CSS

CSS white-space Property

Tue, 03 Jul 2018 20:29:28 +0000

This is advance css white space
Demonstrate different values of the white-space property:
p.a {
white-space: nowrap;
}
p.b {
white-space: normal;
}
p.c {
white-space: pre;
}

# Nowrap will make single line all text.
# re will make get different space.

CSS - Tables

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 02:53:02 +0000

This tutorial will teach you how to set different properties of an HTML table using CSS. You can set following properties of a table:

The border-collapse Specifies whether the browser should control the appearance of adjacent borders that touch each other or whether each cell should maintain its style.

The border-spacing Specifies the width that should appear between table cells.

The caption-side Captions are presented in the element. By default, these are rendered above the table in the document. You use the caption-side property to control the placement of the table caption.

The empty-cells Specifies whether the border should be shown if a cell is empty.

The table-layout Allows browsers to speed up layout of a table by using the first width properties it comes across for the rest of a column rather than having to load the whole table before rendering it.

CSS - Links

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 02:45:58 +0000

This tutorial will teach you how to set different properties of a hyper link using CSS. You can set following properties of a hyper link:

We will revisit same properties when we will discuss Pseudo-Classes of CSS.

The :link Signifies unvisited hyperlinks.

The :visited Signifies visited hyperlinks.

The :hover Signifies an element that currently has the user's mouse pointer hovering over it.

The :active Signifies an element on which the user is currently clicking.

Usually these all properties are kept in the header part of HTML document.

CSS - Images

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 02:36:06 +0000

Images are very important part of any Web Page. Though it is not recommended to include lot of images but it is still important to use good images wherever it is required.

CSS plays a good role to control image display. You can set following image properties using CSS.

The border property is used to set the width of an image border.

The height property is used to set the height of an image.

The width property is used to set the width of an image.

The -moz-opacity property is used to set the opacity of an image.

The image border Property:
The border property of an image is used to set the width of an image border. This property can have a value in length or in %.

A width of zero pixels means no border.

Here is the example:

css text effect

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 02:31:21 +0000

This tutorial will teach you how to manipulate text using CSS properties. You can set following text properties of an element:

The color property is used to set the color of a text.

The direction property is used to set the text direction.

The letter-spacing property is used to add or subtract space between the letters that make up a word.

The word-spacing property is used to add or subtract space between the words of a sentence.

The text-indent property is used to indent the text of a paragraph.

The text-align property is used to align the text of a document.

The text-decoration property is used to underline, overline, and strikethrough text.

The text-transform property is used to capitalize text or convert text to uppercase or lowercase letters.

The white-space property is used to control the flow and formatting of text.

The text-shadow property is used to set the text shadow around a text.

Set the text color:
Following is the example which demonstrates how to set the text color. Possible value could be any color name in any valid format.

This text will be written in red.

Setting Fonts using CSS

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 02:27:46 +0000

This tutorial will teach you how to set fonts of a content available in an HTML element. You can set following font properties of an element:

The font-family property is used to change the face of a font.

The font-style property is used to make a font italic or oblique.

The font-variant property is used to create a small-caps effect.

The font-weight property is used to increase or decrease how bold or light a font appears.

The font-size property is used to increase or decrease the size of a font.

The font property is used as shorthand to specify a number of other font properties.

Set the font family:
Following is the example which demonstrates how to set the font family of an element. Possible value could be any font family name.

This text is rendered in either georgia, garamond, or the default
serif font depending on which font you have at your system.

Setting Backgrounds using CSS

Wed, 27 Jun 2018 20:27:26 +0000

This tutorial will teach you how to set backgrounds of various HTML elements. You can set following background properties of an element:

The background-color property is used to set the background color of an element.

The background-image property is used to set the background image of an element.

The background-repeat property is used to control the repetition of an image in the background.

The background-position property is used to control the position of an image in the background.

The background-attachment property is used to control the scrolling of an image in the background.

The background property is used as shorthand to specify a number of other background properties.

CSS - Colors

Wed, 27 Jun 2018 20:23:47 +0000

CSS uses color values to specify a color. Typically, these are used to set a color either for the foreground of an element(i.e., its text) or else for the background of the element. They can also be used to affect the color of borders and other decorative effects.

You can specify your color values in various formats. Following table tells you all possible formats:

Format Syntax Example
Hex Code #RRGGBB p{color:#FF0000;}
Short Hex Code #RGB p{color:#6A7;}
RGB % rgb(rrr%,ggg%,bbb%) p{color:rgb(50%,50%,50%);}
RGB Absolute rgb(rrr,ggg,bbb) p{color:rgb(0,0,255);}
keyword aqua, black, etc. p{color:teal;}
These formats are explained in more detail in the following sections:

CSS Colors - Hex Codes:
A hexadecimal is a 6 digit representation of a color. The first two digits(RR) represent a red value, the next two are a green value(GG), and the last are the blue value(BB).

A hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paintshop Pro or even using Advanced Paint Brush.

Each hexadecimal code will be preceded by a pound or hash sign #. Following are the examples to use Hexadecimal notation.

Color Color HEX
#000000
#FF0000
#00FF00
#0000FF
#FFFF00
#00FFFF
#FF00FF
#C0C0C0
#FFFFFF
To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

CSS Colors - Short Hex Codes:
This is a shorter form of the six-digit notation. In this format, each digit is replicated to arrive at an equivalent six-digit value; For example: #6A7 becomes #66AA77.

A hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paintshop Pro or even using Advanced Paint Brush.

Each hexadecimal code will be preceded by a pound or hash sign #. Following are the examples to use Hexadecimal notation.

Color Color HEX
#000
#F00
#0F0
#0FF
#FF0
#0FF
#F0F
#FFF
To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

CSS Colors - RGB Values:
This color value is specified using the rgb( ) property. This property takes three values, one each for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer between 0 and 255 or a percentage.

NOTE: All the browsers does not support rgb() property of color so it is recommended not to use it.

Following is the example to show few colors using RGB values.

Color Color RGB
rgb(0,0,0)
rgb(255,0,0)
rgb(0,255,0)
rgb(0,0,255)
rgb(255,255,0)
rgb(0,255,255)
rgb(255,0,255)
rgb(192,192,192)
rgb(255,255,255)
To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

Building Color Codes:
You can build millions of color codes using our Color Code Builder. Check our HTML Color Code Builder. To use this tool you would need a Java Enabled Browser.

Browser Safe Colors:
Here is the list of 216 colors which are supposed to be most safe and computer independent colors. These colors very from hexa code 000000 to FFFFFF. These color are safe to use because they ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette:

000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF
003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF
33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF
660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF
66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF
99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF
CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF
CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF
CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF
FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF
FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

CSS Syntax - Selectors

Wed, 27 Jun 2018 20:20:26 +0000

A CSS comprises of style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the corresponding elements in your document. A style rule is made of three parts:

Selector: A selector is an HTML tag at which style will be applied. This could be any tag like

or etc.

Property: A property is a type of attribute of HTML tag. Put simply, all the HTML attributes are converted into CSS properties. They could be color or border etc.

Value: Values are assigned to properties. For example color property can have value either red or #F1F1F1 etc.

You can put CSS Style Rule Syntax as follows:

selector { property: value }
Example: You can define a table border as follows:

table{ border :1px solid #C00; }
Here table is a selector and border is a property and given value 1px solid #C00 is the value of that property.

You can define selectors in various simple ways based on your comfort. Let me put these selectors one by one.

The Type Selectors:
This is the same selector we have seen above. Again one more example to give a color to all level 1 headings :

h1 {
color: #36CFFF;
}
The Universal Selectors:
Rather than selecting elements of a specific type, the universal selector quite simply matches the name of any element type :

* {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content of every element in our document in black.

The Descendant Selectors:
Suppose you want to apply a style rule to a particular element only when it lies inside a particular element. As given in the following example, style rule will apply to element only when it lies inside
tag.

ul em {
color: #000000;
}
The Class Selectors:
You can define style rules based on the class attribute of the elements. All the elements having that class will be formatted according to the defined rule.

.black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for every element with class attribute set to black in our document. You can make it a bit more particular. For example:

h1.black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for only
elements with class attribute set to black.

You can apply more than one class selectors to given element. Consider the following example :

This para will be styled by the classes center and bold.

The ID Selectors:
You can define style rules based on the id attribute of the elements. All the elements having that id will be formatted according to the defined rule.

#black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for every element with id attribute set to black in our document. You can make it a bit more particular. For example:

h1#black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for only
elements with id attribute set to black.

The true power of id selectors is when they are used as the foundation for descendant selectors, For example:

#black h2 {
color: #000000;
}
In this example all level 2 headings will be displayed in black color only when those headings will lie with in tags having id attribute set to black.

The Child Selectors:
You have seen descendant selectors. There is one more type of selectors which is very similar to descendants but have different functionality. Consider the following example:

body > p {
color: #000000;
}
This rule will render all the paragraphs in black if they are direct child of element. Other paragraphs put inside other elements like
or

etc. would not have any effect of this rule.

The Attribute Selectors:
You can also apply styles to HTML elements with particular attributes. The style rule below will match all input elements that has a type attribute with a value of text:

input[type="text"]{
color: #000000;
}
The advantage to this method is that the element is unaffected, and the color applied only to the desired text fields.

There are following rules applied to attribute selector.

p[lang] - Selects all paragraph elements with a lang attribute.

p[lang="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute has a value of exactly "fr".

p[lang~="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains the word "fr".

p[lang|="en"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains values that are exactly "en", or begin with "en-".

Multiple Style Rules:
You may need to define multiple style rules for a single element. You can define these rules to combine multiple properties and corresponding values into a single block as defined in the following example:

h1 {
color: #36C;
font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: .4em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
text-transform: lowercase;
}
Here all the property and value pairs are separated by a semi colon (. You can keep them in a ingle line or multiple lines. For better readability we keep them into separate lines.

For a while don't bother about the properties mentioned in the above block. These properties will be explained in coming chapters and you can find complete detail about properties in CSS References.

Grouping Selectors:
You can apply a style to many selectors if you like. Just separate the selectors with a comma as given in the following example:

h1, h2, h3 {
color: #36C;
font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: .4em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
text-transform: lowercase;
}
This define style rule will be applicable to h1, h2 and h3 element as well. The order of the list is irrelevant. All the elements in the selector will have the corresponding declarations applied to them.

You can combine various class selectors together as shown below:

#content, #footer, #supplement {
position: absolute;
left: 510px;
width: 200px;
}

CSS Introduction

Wed, 27 Jun 2018 20:19:55 +0000
Before your begin:
Before you begin, it's important that you know Windows or Unix. A working knowledge of Windows or Unix makes it much easier to learn HTML.

You should be familiar with:

Basic word processing using any text editor.

How to create directories and files.

How to navigate through different directories.

Basic understanding on internet browsing using a browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox etc.

Basic understanding on developing simple Web Pages using HTML or XHTML.

If you are new to HTML and XHTML then I would suggest you to go through our HTML Tutorial or XHTML Tutorial. Anyone of HTML or XHTML is enough to proceed.

What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.

CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used, as well as a variety of other effects.

CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.

Advantages of CSS:
CSS saves time - You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.

Pages load faster - If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.

Easy maintenance - To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.

Superior styles to HTML - CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML so you can give far better look to your HTML page in comparison of HTML attributes.

Multiple Device Compatibility - Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.

Global web standards - Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.

Who Creates and Maintains CSS?
CSS is created and maintained through a group of people within the W3C called the CSS Working Group. The CSS Working Group creates documents called specifications. When a specification has been discussed and officially ratified by W3C members, it becomes a recommendation.

These ratified specifications are called recommendations because the W3C has no control over the actual implementation of the language. Independent companies and organizations create that software.

NOTE: The World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C is a group that makes recommendations about how the Internet works and how it should evolve.

CSS Versions:
Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 (CSS1) was came out of W3C as a recommendation in December 1996. This version describes the CSS language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags.

CSS2 was became a W3C recommendation in May 1998 and builds on CSS1. This version adds support for media-specific style sheets e.g. printers and aural devices, downloadable fonts, element positioning and tables.

About this Tutorial:
This tutorial covers both versions CSS1 and CSS2 and teaches you CSS starting from basic concepts to advanced concepts. So now start from next chapter and finish it till end to become master in CSS.

I would recommend you to bookmark CSS References chapter for easy access.